In Silico Study on Tumor-Size-Dependent Thermal Profiles inside an Anthropomorphic Female Breast Phantom Subjected to Multi-Dipole Antenna Array

Electromagnetic hyperthermia as a potent adjuvant for conventional cancer therapies can be considered valuable in modern oncology, as its task is to thermally destroy cancer cells exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Hyperthermia treatment planning based on computer in silico simulations has the potential to improve the localized heating of breast tissues through the use of the phased-array dipole applicators. Herein, we intended to improve our understanding of temperature estimation in an anatomically accurate female breast phantom embedded with a tumor, particularly when it is exposed to an eight-element dipole antenna matrix surrounding the breast tissues. The Maxwell equations coupled with the modified Pennes’ bioheat equation was solved in the modelled breast tissues using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) engine. The microwave (MW) applicators around the object were modelled with shortened half-wavelength dipole antennas operating at the same 1 GHz frequency, but with different input power and phases for the dipole sources. The total input power of an eight-dipole antenna matrix was set at 8 W so that the temperature in the breast tumor did not exceed 42 °C. Finding the optimal setting for each dipole antenna from the matrix was our primary objective. Such a procedure should form the basis of any successful hyperthermia treatment planning. We applied the algorithm of multi for multi-objective optimization for the power and phases for the dipole sources in terms of maximizing the specific absorption rate (SAR) parameter inside the breast tumor while minimizing this parameter in the healthy tissues. Electro-thermal simulations were performed for tumors of different radii to confirm the reliable operation of the given optimization procedure. In the next step, thermal profiles for tumors of various sizes were calculated for the optimal parameters of dipole sources. The computed results showed that larger tumors heated better than smaller tumors; however, the procedure worked well regardless of the tumor size. This verifies the effectiveness of the applied optimization method, regardless of the various stages of breast tumor development.     

基于近似测地线的分层次自动铺带轨迹规划方法

自动铺带技术是一种增量制造技术，适用于制造翼面、壁板等大尺寸、小曲率复合材料构件，具有加工成本低、效率高等特点。轨迹规划是自动铺带技术的关键环节，它直接关系到复合材料构件的成型精度与质量。现有的自动铺带轨迹规划方法难以便捷兼顾调控铺放间隙与防止铺放褶皱，保证铺带产品的最终质量。有鉴于此，提出了一种基于近似测地线的分层次铺放轨迹规划方法。主要目标是合理利用预浸带允许变形能力，在防止铺放褶皱产生的前提下，保证相邻带料不产生覆盖，且间隙不超过2.5 mm。首先，研究了铺放间隙的产生与演化规律，给出了几种典型曲面上初始铺放间隙的优化方法。接下来，提出了近似测地线的数学模型与求解格式。然后，基于铺放褶皱的产生机制与铺放间隙的演化规律，确定了近似测地线的测地曲率大小与符号。最后，在双曲面模具以及自由曲面模具上验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于粒子群优化算法的五自由度机械臂轨迹规划

为了让机械臂的工作时间达到最优,以自主研发的抛光机器人样机为研究对象,针对手表表壳表耳部分的抛光过程,提出PSO算法对五自由度机械臂轨迹规划进行优化,并通过MATLAB软件进行机械臂的仿真与分析。仿真结果表明,基于PSO算法的轨迹规划使机械臂在工作过程中加加速度不会产生突变,运动轨迹精度高,机械臂工作时间达到最优。     

Modes of making smart cities: Or,practices of variegated smart urbanism

The ‘actually existing’ smart city is not a monolith. It is not directed by a universal logic, nor does it develop in a standardised way. As recent research has argued, the spatial, material, and political contexts of cities have major influence over what smart urbanism looks like in practice. This paper adds analytical depth to, and broadens the geographical scope of, research on the variegated modes of making smart cities. Based on empirical research in multiple Australian cities we use three case studies to explore three different modes of smart urbanism, each one centred on the interests of a different key actor: corporate-centric, citizen-centric, and planner-centric. These different modes can, and do, co-exist in the same city. At times, they are competing logics that fight to pull the city in different directions. Yet, they can also work together to shape smart city initiatives. In describing these different modes, we pay particular attention to the ways that these projects and strategies must contend with the already existing spatial, cultural, and political contexts of each place.     

城市排水管网混合流数值模拟研究进展

全球气候变化背景下,城市洪涝灾害事件频发,城市雨洪模型将扮演愈发重要的角色。精细化的城市雨洪模型离不开对排水管网水流的准确模拟。混合流在排水管网系统中普遍存在,研究其机理和精确模拟技术对城市排水模型和雨洪模拟精度的提升意义重大。因此,从混合流数值模拟方法、混合流物理模型及城市排水管网模型等三个方面综合分析了国内外在混合流模拟和计算方面的研究进展,并分析了当前研究存在的不足,在此基础上对未来排水管网混合流方面的研究工作进行了展望。     

重庆主城区城市空间结构演变与优化——基于公共服务功能组织视角

城市空间结构与城市公共服务功能组织密切相关。重庆主城区作为典型的"多中心、组团式"城市,在城市公共服务功能的就近组织、公共服务需求的均衡化方面具有先天的优势。本文梳理重庆主城区空间结构的演进历程以及与公共服务需求变化的互动关系,辨识随着城市功能由生产向消费转型,空间面临的结构问题及其内在动因,借鉴马斯洛理论,提出顺应当前及未来公共服务需求层次的分异,城市空间结构应从"多中心、组团式"进一步向"分层多中心、组团式"优化,引导形成相对集中、功能综合的基层"小、微中心"体系,以有序组织公共服务功能,最大限度地减少非必要交通出行,降低居民出行的时耗,提升城市效率,并借鉴恩格尔系数构建衡量城市效率的评价框架,为破解山地城市空间结构问题,推动城市空间转型提供新的思考视角。     

设施园艺在观光农业园规划设计的应用

设施园艺可以让农业生产者通过一定的技术手段,提高农业生产效益,改变农作物的生长周期。文章在农业观光园的设计中可以利用这种技术方法来突出园区的农业特色,吸引非农业人口前来旅游观光和消费。     

Smart work packaging-enabled constraint-free path re-planning for tower crane in prefabricated products assembly process

Lack of constraint-free crane path planning is one of the critical concerns in the dynamic on-site assembly process of prefabrication housing production (PHP). For decades, researchers and practitioners have endeavored to improve both the efficiency and safety of crane path planning from either static environment or re-planning the path when colliding with constraints or periodically updating the path in the dynamic environment. However, there is a lack of approach related to the in-depth exploration of the nature of dynamic constraints so as to assist the crane operators in making adaptive path re-planning decisions by categorizing and prioritizing constraints. To address this issue, this study develops the smart work packaging (SWP)-enabled constraints optimization service. This service embraces the core characteristics of SWP, including adaptivity, sociability, and autonomy to achieve autonomous initial path planning, networked constraints classification, and adaptive decisions on path re-planning. This service is simulated and verified in the BIM environment, and it is found that SWP-enabled constraints optimization service can generate the constraint-free path when it is necessary.     

Perception‐aware autonomous mast motion planning for planetary exploration rovers

Highly accurate real‐time localization is of fundamental importance for the safety and efficiency of planetary rovers exploring the surface of Mars. Mars rover operations rely on vision‐based systems to avoid hazards as well as plan safe routes. However, vision‐based systems operate on the assumption that sufficient visual texture is visible in the scene. This poses a challenge for vision‐based navigation on Mars where regions lacking visual texture are prevalent. To overcome this, we make use of the ability of the rover to actively steer the visual sensor to improve fault tolerance and maximize the perception performance. This paper answers the question of where and when to look by presenting a method for predicting the sensor trajectory that maximizes the localization performance of the rover. This is accomplished by an online assessment of possible trajectories using synthetic, future camera views created from previous observations of the scene. The proposed trajectories are quantified and chosen based on the expected localization performance. In this study, we validate the proposed method in field experiments at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Mars Yard. Furthermore, multiple performance metrics are identified and evaluated for reducing the overall runtime of the algorithm. We show how actively steering the perception system increases the localization accuracy compared with traditional fixed‐sensor configurations.     

Diverse food in urban gardens in the promotion of food and nutrition security in Brazil: a review

Food and nutrition security can be supported by an urban garden. The present study comprises a critical reflection on the difficulty of producing food in urban gardens in Brazil and shows the potential of food production and the obstacles to its expansion. In addition, issues related to the agroecological management of gardens are addressed and suggestions are made to improve the proposed public policies. Urban gardens are multifunctional and have social, economic and environmental impacts. They are strategically important for supporting low-income families and urban development. Through urban gardens, diverse foods and quality foods can be produced for self-consumption. This review highlights the importance of generating detailed information on urban gardens in Brazil to support policies aimed at this sector. Long-term and multidisciplinary studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between food production in urban gardens and household food and nutrition security. This approach revealed a lack of information on the amount of food produced by Brazilians in their gardens and consumed by the household. In addition, there is little information on the management of production. There is a gap relating to the impact of food produced in urban gardens and the prevalence of food and nutrition security. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry